= Vert.x Web API Contract
:toc: left

Vert.x Web API Contract extends Vert.x Web to support https://www.openapis.org/[OpenAPI 3], bringing to you a simple interface to build your router and mount security and validation handler.

If you are interested in building an application that routes API Requests to event bus, check out https://vertx.io/docs/vertx-web-api-service/java/[Vert.x Web API Service]

WARNING: this module is deprecated, if you're going to create a new application, please look at https://vertx.io/docs/vertx-web-openapi/java/[Vert.x Web OpenAPI]

== Using Vert.x API Contract

To use Vert.x API Contract, add the following dependency to the _dependencies_ section of your build descriptor:

* Maven (in your `pom.xml`):

[source,xml,subs="+attributes"]
----
<dependency>
 <groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
 <artifactId>vertx-web-api-contract</artifactId>
 <version>4.1.8</version>
</dependency>
----

* Gradle (in your `build.gradle` file):

[source,groovy,subs="+attributes"]
----
dependencies {
 compile 'io.vertx:vertx-web-api-contract:4.1.8'
}
----

== HTTP Requests validation

Vert.x provides a validation framework that will validate requests for you and will put results of validation inside a container. To define a `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/validation/HTTPRequestValidationHandler.html[HTTPRequestValidationHandler]`:

[source,java]
----
HTTPRequestValidationHandler validationHandler = HTTPRequestValidationHandler.create().addQueryParam("parameterName", ParameterType.INT, true).addFormParamWithPattern("formParameterName", "a{4}", true).addPathParam("pathParam", ParameterType.FLOAT);
----

Then you can mount your validation handler:

[source,java]
----
router.route().handler(BodyHandler.create());

router.get("/awesome/:pathParam")
  // Mount validation handler
  .handler(validationHandler)
  //Mount your handler
  .handler((routingContext) -> {
    // Get Request parameters container
    RequestParameters params = routingContext.get("parsedParameters");

    // Get parameters
    Integer parameterName = params.queryParameter("parameterName").getInteger();
    String formParameterName = params.formParameter("formParameterName").getString();
    Float pathParam = params.pathParameter("pathParam").getFloat();
  })

  //Mount your failure handler
  .failureHandler((routingContext) -> {
    Throwable failure = routingContext.failure();
    if (failure instanceof ValidationException) {
      // Something went wrong during validation!
      String validationErrorMessage = failure.getMessage();
    }
  });
----

If validation succeeds, It returns request parameters inside `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/RequestParameters.html[RequestParameters]`,
otherwise It will throw a fail inside `RoutingContext` with 400 status code and `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/validation/ValidationException.html[ValidationException]` failure.

=== Types of request parameters
Every parameter has a type validator, a class that describes the expected type of parameter.
A type validator validates the value, casts it in required language type and then loads it inside a `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/RequestParameter.html[RequestParameter]` object. There are three ways to describe the type of your parameter:

* There is a set of prebuilt types that you can use: `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/validation/ParameterType.html[ParameterType]`
* You can instantiate a custom instance of prebuilt type validators using static methods of `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/validation/ParameterTypeValidator.html[ParameterTypeValidator]` and then load it into `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/validation/HTTPRequestValidationHandler.html[HTTPRequestValidationHandler]` using functions ending with `WithCustomTypeValidator`
* You can create your own `ParameterTypeValidator` implementing `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/validation/ParameterTypeValidator.html[ParameterTypeValidator]` interface

=== Handling parameters
Now you can handle parameter values:

[source,java]
----
RequestParameters params = routingContext.get("parsedParameters");
RequestParameter awesomeParameter = params.queryParameter("awesomeParameter");
if (awesomeParameter != null) {
  if (!awesomeParameter.isEmpty()) {
    // Parameter exists and isn't empty
    // ParameterTypeValidator mapped the parameter in equivalent language object
    Integer awesome = awesomeParameter.getInteger();
  } else {
    // Parameter exists, but it's empty
  }
} else {
  // Parameter doesn't exist (it's not required)
}
----

As you can see, every parameter is mapped in respective language objects. You can also get a json body:

[source,java]
----
RequestParameter body = params.body();
if (body != null) {
  JsonObject jsonBody = body.getJsonObject();
}
----

=== Manage validation failures
A validation error fails the `RoutingContext` with 400 status code and `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/validation/ValidationException.html[ValidationException]` failure.
You can manage these failures both at route level using `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/Route.html#failureHandler-io.vertx.core.Handler-[failureHandler]` or at router level using `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/Router.html#errorHandler-int-io.vertx.core.Handler-[errorHandler]`:

[source,java]
----
router.get("/awesome/:pathParam")
  // Mount validation handler
  .handler(validationHandler)
  //Mount your handler
  .handler((routingContext) -> {
    // Your logic
  })
  //Mount your failure handler to manage the validation failure at path level
  .failureHandler((routingContext) -> {
    Throwable failure = routingContext.failure();
    if (failure instanceof ValidationException) {
      // Something went wrong during validation!
      String validationErrorMessage = failure.getMessage();
    }
  });

// Manage the validation failure for all routes in the router
router.errorHandler(400, routingContext -> {
  if (routingContext.failure() instanceof ValidationException) {
    // Something went wrong during validation!
    String validationErrorMessage = routingContext.failure().getMessage();
  } else {
    // Unknown 400 failure happened
    routingContext.response().setStatusCode(400).end();
  }
});
----

== OpenAPI 3
Vert.x allows you to use your OpenAPI 3 specification directly inside your code using the design first approach. Vert.x-Web API Contract provides:

* OpenAPI 3 compliant API specification validation with automatic **loading of external Json schemas**
* Automatic request validation
* Automatic mount of security validation handlers

You can also use the community project https://github.com/pmlopes/vertx-starter[`vertx-starter`] to generate server code from your OpenAPI 3 specification.

=== The Router Factory
You can create your web service based on OpenAPI 3 specification with `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/contract/openapi3/OpenAPI3RouterFactory.html[OpenAPI3RouterFactory]`.
This class, as name says, is a router factory based on your OpenAPI 3 specification.
`link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/contract/openapi3/OpenAPI3RouterFactory.html[OpenAPI3RouterFactory]` is intended to give you a really simple user interface to use OpenAPI 3 related features. It includes:

* Async loading of specification and its schema dependencies
* Mount path with operationId or with combination of path and HTTP method
* Automatic generation of validation handlers
* Automatic conversion between OpenAPI style paths and Vert.x style paths
* Lazy methods: operations are mounted in declaration order inside specification
* Automatic mount of security handlers

=== Create a new router factory
To create a new router factory, use method `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/contract/openapi3/OpenAPI3RouterFactory.html#create-io.vertx.core.Vertx-java.lang.String-io.vertx.core.Handler-[OpenAPI3RouterFactory.create]`.
As location It accepts absolute paths, local paths and local or remote URLs (HTTP or file protocol).

For example to load a spec from the local filesystem:

[source,java]
----
OpenAPI3RouterFactory.create(vertx, "src/main/resources/petstore.yaml", ar -> {
  if (ar.succeeded()) {
    // Spec loaded with success
    OpenAPI3RouterFactory routerFactory = ar.result();
  } else {
    // Something went wrong during router factory initialization
    Throwable exception = ar.cause();
  }
});
----

You can also construct a router factory from a remote spec:

[source,java]
----
OpenAPI3RouterFactory.create(
  vertx,
  "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/master/examples/v3.0/petstore.yaml",
  ar -> {
    if (ar.succeeded()) {
      // Spec loaded with success
      OpenAPI3RouterFactory routerFactory = ar.result();
    } else {
      // Something went wrong during router factory initialization
      Throwable exception = ar.cause();
    }
  });
----

Or, you can also access a private remote spec by passing one or more https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-parser#usage[AuthorizationValue]:

[source,java]
----
AuthorizationValue authorizationValue = new AuthorizationValue()
  .type("header")
  .keyName("Authorization")
  .value("Bearer xx.yy.zz");
List<JsonObject> authorizations = Collections.singletonList(JsonObject.mapFrom(authorizationValue));
OpenAPI3RouterFactory.create(
  vertx,
  "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/master/examples/v3.0/petstore.yaml",
  authorizations,
  ar -> {
    if (ar.succeeded()) {
      // Spec loaded with success
      OpenAPI3RouterFactory routerFactory = ar.result();
    } else {
      // Something went wrong during router factory initialization
      Throwable exception = ar.cause();
    }
  });
----

You can also modify the behaviours of the router factory with `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/contract/RouterFactoryOptions.html[RouterFactoryOptions]`.

=== Mount the handlers
Now load your first operation handlers.
To load an handler use `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/contract/openapi3/OpenAPI3RouterFactory.html#addHandlerByOperationId-java.lang.String-io.vertx.core.Handler-[addHandlerByOperationId]`.
To load a failure handler use `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/contract/openapi3/OpenAPI3RouterFactory.html#addFailureHandlerByOperationId-java.lang.String-io.vertx.core.Handler-[addFailureHandlerByOperationId]`

You can, of course, **add multiple handlers to same operation**, without overwrite the existing ones.

For example:

[source,java]
----
routerFactory.addHandlerByOperationId("awesomeOperation", routingContext -> {
  RequestParameters params = routingContext.get("parsedParameters");
  RequestParameter body = params.body();
  JsonObject jsonBody = body.getJsonObject();
  // Do something with body
});
routerFactory.addFailureHandlerByOperationId("awesomeOperation", routingContext -> {
  // Handle failure
});
----

Now you can use parameter values as described above

=== Define security handlers
A security handler is defined by a combination of schema name and scope. You can mount only one security handler for a combination.
For example:

[source,java]
----
routerFactory.addSecurityHandler("security_scheme_name", securityHandler);
----

You can of course use included Vert.x security handlers, for example:

[source,java]
----
routerFactory.addSecurityHandler("jwt_auth", JWTAuthHandler.create(jwtAuthProvider));
----

When you generate the `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/Router.html[Router]` the Router Factory fails if For debugging/testing purpose

=== Not Implemented Error
Router Factory automatically mounts a default handler for operations without a specified handler.
This default handler fails the routing context with 405 `Method Not Allowed`/501 `Not Implemented` error.
You can enable/disable it with `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/contract/RouterFactoryOptions.html#setMountNotImplementedHandler-boolean-[setMountNotImplementedHandler]`
and you can customize this error handling with `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/Router.html#errorHandler-int-io.vertx.core.Handler-[errorHandler]`

=== Response Content Type Handler
Router Factory automatically mounts a `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/handler/ResponseContentTypeHandler.html[ResponseContentTypeHandler]` handler when contract requires it.
You can disable this feature with `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/contract/RouterFactoryOptions.html#setMountResponseContentTypeHandler-boolean-[setMountResponseContentTypeHandler]`

=== Operation model
If you need to access to your operation contract while handling the request,
you can configure the router factory to push it inside the `RoutingContext` with `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/contract/RouterFactoryOptions.html#setOperationModelKey-java.lang.String-[setOperationModelKey]`. For example:

[source,java]
----
options.setOperationModelKey("operationPOJO");
routerFactory.setOptions(options);

// Add an handler that uses the operation model
routerFactory.addHandlerByOperationId("listPets", routingContext -> {
  io.swagger.v3.oas.models.Operation operation = routingContext.get("operationPOJO");

  routingContext
    .response()
    .setStatusCode(200)
    .setStatusMessage("OK")
    // Write the response with operation id "listPets"
    .end(operation.getOperationId());
});
----

=== Body Handler
Router Factory automatically mounts a `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/handler/BodyHandler.html[BodyHandler]` to manage request bodies.
You can configure the instance of `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/handler/BodyHandler.html[BodyHandler]` (e.g. to change upload directory) with `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/contract/RouterFactory.html#setBodyHandler-io.vertx.ext.web.handler.BodyHandler-[setBodyHandler]`.

=== `multipart/form-data` validation
The validation handler separates file uploads and form attributes as explained:

* If the parameter doesn't have an encoding associated field:
 - If the parameter has `type: string` and `format: base64` or `format: binary` is a file upload with content-type `application/octet-stream`
 - Otherwise is a form attribute
* If the parameter has the encoding associated field is a file upload

The form attributes are parsed and validated as other request parameters,
while for file uploads the validation handler just checks the existence and the content type.

=== Custom global handlers
If you need to mount handlers that must be executed for each operation in your router before the operation specific handlers, you can use `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/contract/RouterFactory.html#addGlobalHandler-io.vertx.core.Handler-[addGlobalHandler]`

=== Router factory handlers mount order
Handlers are loaded by the router factory in this order:

1. Body handler
2. Custom global handlers
3. Global security handlers defined in upper spec level
4. Operation specific security handlers
5. Generated validation handler
6. User handlers or "Not implemented" handler (if enabled)

=== Generate the router
When you are ready, generate the router and use it:

[source,java]
----
Router router = routerFactory.getRouter();

HttpServer server = vertx.createHttpServer(new HttpServerOptions().setPort(8080).setHost("localhost"));
server.requestHandler(router).listen();
----

This method can fail with a `link:../../apidocs/io/vertx/ext/web/api/contract/RouterFactoryException.html[RouterFactoryException]` if you didn't provide the required security handlers.

ifeval::["java" == "java"]
include::override/rxjava3.adoc[]
endif::[]